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- Promulgated on November 3, Came into effect on May 3, We, the Japanese people, acting through our duly elected representatives in the National Diet, determined that we shall secure for ourselves and our posterity the fruits of peaceful cooperation...
- We desire to occupy an honored place in an international society striving for the preservation of peace, and the banishment of tyranny and slavery, oppression and intolerance for all time from the earth. We recognize that all peoples of the world have the right to live in peace, free from fear and want. We believe that no nation is responsible to itself alone, but that laws of political morality are universal; and that obedience to such laws is incumbent upon all nations who would sustain their own sovereignty and justify their sovereign relationship with other nations. We, the Japanese people, pledge our national honor to accomplish these high ideals and purposes with all our resources. The Emperor shall be the symbol of the State and of the unity of the People, deriving his position from the will of the people with whom resides sovereign power. Article 2. Article 3. The advice and approval of the Cabinet shall be required for all acts of the Emperor in matters of state, and the Cabinet shall be responsible therefor.
- Article 4. The Emperor shall perform only such acts in matters of state as are provided for in this Constitution and he shall not have powers related to government. The Emperor may delegate the performance of his acts in matters of state as may be provided by law. Article 5. When, in accordance with the Imperial House Law, a Regency is established, the Regent shall perform his acts in matters of state in the Emperor's name.
- In this case, paragraph one of the preceding article will be applicable. Article 6. The Emperor shall appoint the Prime Minister as designated by the Diet. Article 7. The Emperor, with the advice and approval of the Cabinet, shall perform the following acts in matters of state on behalf of the people: Promulgation of amendments of the constitution, laws, cabinet orders and treaties. Convocation of the Diet. Dissolution of the House of Representatives. Proclamation of general election of members of the Diet. Attestation of the appointment and dismissal of Ministers of State and other officials as provided for by law, and of full powers and credentials of Ambassadors and Ministers.
- Attestation of general and special amnesty, commutation of punishment, reprieve, and restoration of rights. Awarding of honors. Attestation of instruments of ratification and other diplomatic documents as provided for by law. Receiving foreign ambassadors and ministers. Performance of ceremonial functions. Article 8. No property can be given to, or received by, the Imperial House, nor can any gifts be made therefrom, without the authorization of the Diet. Aspiring sincerely to an international peace based on justice and order, the Japanese people forever renounce war as a sovereign right of the nation and the threat or use of force as means of settling international disputes.
- In order to accomplish the aim of the preceding paragraph, land, sea, and air forces, as well as other war potential, will never be maintained. The right of belligerency of the state will not be recognized. The conditions necessary for being a Japanese national shall be determined by law. Article The people shall not be prevented from enjoying any of the fundamental human rights. These fundamental human rights guaranteed to the people by this Constitution shall be conferred upon the people of this and future generations as eternal and inviolate rights. The freedoms and rights guaranteed to the people by this Constitution shall be maintained by the constant endeavor of the people, who shall refrain from any abuse of these freedoms and rights and shall always be responsible for utilizing them for the public welfare.
- All of the people shall be respected as individuals. Their right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness shall, to the extent that it does not interfere with the public welfare, be the supreme consideration in legislation and in other governmental affairs. All of the people are equal under the law and there shall be no discrimination in political, economic or social relations because of race, creed, sex, social status or family origin. Peers and peerage shall not be recognized. No privilege shall accompany any award of honor, decoration or any distinction, nor shall any such award be valid beyond the lifetime of the individual who now holds or hereafter may receive it.
- The people have the inalienable right to choose their public officials and to dismiss them. All public officials are servants of the whole community and not of any group thereof. Universal adult suffrage is guaranteed with regard to the election of public officials. In all elections, secrecy of the ballot shall not be violated.
- A voter shall not be answerable, publicly or privately, for the choice he has made. Every person shall have the right of peaceful petition for the redress of damage, for the removal of public officials, for the enactment, repeal or amendment of laws, ordinances or regulations and for other matters; nor shall any person be in any way discriminated against for sponsoring such a petition. Every person may sue for redress as provided by law from the State or a public entity, in case he has suffered damage through illegal act of any public official.
- No person shall be held in bondage of any kind. Involuntary servitude, except as punishment for crime, is prohibited. Freedom of thought and conscience shall not be violated. Freedom of religion is guaranteed to all. No religious organization shall receive any privileges from the State, nor exercise any political authority. No person shall be compelled to take part in any religious act, celebration, rite or practice. The State and its organs shall refrain from religious education or any other religious activity. Freedom of assembly and association as well as speech, press and all other forms of expression are guaranteed. No censorship shall be maintained, nor shall the secrecy of any means of communication be violated.
- Every person shall have freedom to choose and change his residence and to choose his occupation to the extent that it does not interfere with the public welfare. Freedom of all persons to move to a foreign country and to divest themselves of their nationality shall be inviolate. Academic freedom is guaranteed. Marriage shall be based only on the mutual consent of both sexes and it shall be maintained through mutual cooperation with the equal rights of husband and wife as a basis. With regard to choice of spouse, property rights, inheritance, choice of domicile, divorce and other matters pertaining to marriage and the family, laws shall be enacted from the standpoint of individual dignity and the essential equality of the sexes. All people shall have the right to maintain the minimum standards of wholesome and cultured living. In all spheres of life, the State shall use its endeavors for the promotion and extension of social welfare and security, and of public health.
- All people shall have the right to receive an equal education correspondent to their ability, as provided by law. All people shall be obligated to have all boys and girls under their protection receive ordinary education as provided for by law. Such compulsory education shall be free. All people shall have the right and the obligation to work.
- Standards for wages, hours, rest and other working conditions shall be fixed by law. Children shall not be exploited. The right of workers to organize and to bargain and act collectively is guaranteed. The right to own or to hold property is inviolable. Property rights shall be defined by law, in conformity with the public welfare.
- Private property may be taken for public use upon just compensation therefor. The people shall be liable to taxation as provided by law. No person shall be deprived of life or liberty, nor shall any other criminal penalty be imposed, except according to procedure established by law. No person shall be denied the right of access to the courts. No person shall be apprehended except upon warrant issued by a competent judicial officer which specifies the offense with which the person is charged, unless he is apprehended, the offense being committed. No person shall be arrested or detained without being at once informed of the charges against him or without the immediate privilege of counsel; nor shall he be detained without adequate cause; and upon demand of any person such cause must be immediately shown in open court in his presence and the presence of his counsel.
- The right of all persons to be secure in their homes, papers and effects against entries, searches and seizures shall not be impaired except upon warrant issued for adequate cause and particularly describing the place to be searched and things to be seized, or except as provided by Article Each search or seizure shall be made upon separate warrant issued by a competent judicial officer.
- The infliction of torture by any public officer and cruel punishments are absolutely forbidden. In all criminal cases the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial by an impartial tribunal. He shall be permitted full opportunity to examine all witnesses, and he shall have the right of compulsory process for obtaining witnesses on his behalf at public expense. At all times the accused shall have the assistance of competent counsel who shall, if the accused is unable to secure the same by his own efforts, be assigned to his use by the State. No person shall be compelled to testify against himself. Confession made under compulsion, torture or threat, or after prolonged arrest or detention shall not be admitted in evidence. No person shall be convicted or punished in cases where the only proof against him is his own confession.
- No person shall be held criminally liable for an act which was lawful at the time it was committed, or of which he has been acquitted, nor shall he be placed in double jeopardy. Any person, in case he is acquitted after he has been arrested or detained, may sue the State for redress as provided by law. The Diet shall be the highest organ of state power, and shall be the sole law-making organ of the State. Both Houses shall consist of elected members, representative of all the people. The number of the members of each House shall be fixed by law.
- This worksheet can be edited by Premium members using the free Google Slides online software. Click the Edit button above to get started. Not ready to purchase a subscription? To download this worksheet, click the button below to signup for free it only takes a minute and you'll be brought right back to this page to start the download! Already a member? Log in to download. David Attenborough is an English broadcaster, writer, and a well-known face and voice of natural history documentaries. The Life series that Attenborough wrote and produced became the standard for modern nature documentaries. See the fact file below for more information on the David Attenborough or alternatively, you can download our page David Attenborough worksheet pack to utilise within the classroom or home environment. In , Attenborough attended a lecture by a famous naturalist, Grey Owl, which deepened his interest in the natural world.
- Attenborough graduated from Wyggeston Grammar School for Boys and was awarded a scholarship to study natural sciences. Attenborough studied Zoology and Geology at the University of Cambridge. In , upon completing his studies, Attenborough was called to serve in the Royal Navy for two years. Attenborough spent two years stationed in North Wales and the Fifth of Forth. Jane Oriel died in The following year, he applied for a job as a radio producer at the BBC. His application was rejected at first, but his profile later attracted the interest of the head of the Talks department, Mary Adams.
- Attenborough attended a three-month training program with the BBC. In , Attenborough officially started working as a producer for the Talks department, which handled non-fiction broadcasts. Zoo Quest showed animals not only in captivity but also in the wild, while maintaining a respectful distant approach to the animals. This strategy established the current general standards for nature documentaries. In , BBC Two was created and they offered Attenborough a position as controller, resulting in Attenborough not finishing his degree. Attenborough launched an educational series called The Ascent of Man and Civilisation.
- In , Attenborough resigned from his post at the BBC to follow his dreams and passions into the wild. After leaving the BBC, Attenborough worked as a freelance writer and producer, producing successful programs including Eastwards with Attenborough , which showed an anthropological study of Indonesia. Life on Earth is a episode series studying the role of evolution in nature. Life on Earth took Attenborough and his crews around the globe, where they used cutting-edge filming techniques to bring wildlife into homes worldwide. Life on Earth gained an estimated viewing audience of over million. Five years later, The Living Planet was screened, which revolved around the theme of ecology and the adaptations of living things to their environment. In , the original Life trilogy was completed with the release of The Trials of Life, which looked at the behavior of animals through the different stages of life. In , Attenborough presented the first television series to survey the natural history of Antarctica , Life in the Freezer.
Article IV - States, Citizenship, New States | The National Constitution Center
In , The Private Life of Plants was delivered by Attenborough which showed plants as dynamic organisms using time-lapse photography to show their growth, and earned a Peabody Award. In , Attenborough revealed the behavior of nocturnal mammals in The Life of Mammals. In , Attenborough introduced audiences to the world of invertebrates through Life in the Undergrowth. In , a disc DVD box set containing the first eight titles from the Life series was released. Attenborough also presented a documentary about the issues of global warming, The Truth about Climate Change.
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